Japanese Business Glossary

今際の際 (imawa no kiwa) is a Japanese phrase that refers to the moment of one's death or the final moments of life. It is a poetic and somewhat euphemistic expression, often used in literature, poetry, and philosophical discussions to describe the transition from life to death.

This phrase encapsulates the idea of the last breath or the final moments when a person is on the verge of passing away. In a broader sense, it can also imply a profound and reflective moment, where one contemplates their life and legacy. The term highlights the cultural significance placed on the end of life and the reflections that accompany it, emphasizing the importance of those final moments in the human experience.

ジュニア (junia) is a Japanese term derived from the English word "junior." It is commonly used to refer to children or young people, often indicating a younger version or less experienced individual in various contexts. For example, ジュニア can describe a child participating in a sport or activity, such as a junior tennis player or a junior soccer team member.

The term is also used in educational settings to refer to younger students, such as those in junior high school. In a familial context, ジュニア can be used to denote a son named after his father, similar to the use of "junior" in English-speaking countries. Overall, ジュニア signifies youth, inexperience, or a lower rank compared to a senior counterpart.

雇用調整助成金 (koyo chosei joseikin) is a Japanese government subsidy aimed at supporting businesses during economic downturns or crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This subsidy helps companies avoid layoffs by providing financial assistance to employers who need to temporarily reduce their workforce or suspend operations.

By covering a portion of the wages for employees who are placed on leave or work reduced hours, the koyo chosei joseikin ensures that businesses can retain their staff during difficult times. This not only protects jobs but also helps companies maintain their skilled workforce, enabling a quicker recovery once the economic situation improves. The subsidy underscores the Japanese government's commitment to preserving employment stability and supporting both employers and employees during periods of economic uncertainty.

関係 (kankei) is a Japanese term that translates to "relationship" or "connection" in English. It is a fundamental concept in Japanese culture and society, emphasizing the importance of interpersonal and social relationships. In various contexts, kankei can refer to personal relationships, such as family and friendships, as well as professional relationships, including business connections and organizational ties.

In the business world, having a good kankei can be crucial for success, as trust and mutual respect are highly valued. Building and maintaining these relationships often involve regular communication, understanding cultural nuances, and showing genuine interest and concern for the other party. Therefore, kankei is not just about the superficial connections but also about the deeper, more meaningful bonds that facilitate cooperation and mutual support.

吟醸酒 (ginjoshu) in Japanese refers to a type of high-quality sake, which is a traditional Japanese rice wine. Ginjoshu is characterized by its brewing process, which involves polishing the rice grains to at least 60% of their original size to remove impurities and enhance the flavor. The sake is then fermented at lower temperatures for a longer period, resulting in a more refined, fragrant, and complex beverage.

Ginjoshu typically has a light, fruity, and floral aroma with a smooth and clean taste, making it a popular choice for sake enthusiasts. The meticulous brewing process and high-quality ingredients used in Ginjoshu distinguish it from other types of sake, contributing to its premium status.

記録 (kiroku) in Japanese means "record" or "documentation." This term refers to the act of capturing and preserving information or data for future reference. Kiroku can encompass various forms, such as written notes, digital files, audio recordings, and video footage.

In business and administrative contexts, kiroku is essential for maintaining accurate accounts of transactions, meetings, decisions, and other significant events. Proper documentation ensures transparency, accountability, and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. It also aids in the analysis, retrieval, and sharing of information, supporting effective decision-making and operational efficiency.